2,584 Injuries Reported by 626 Surf-Sport Athletes
Doctor’s Notes · Life in Motion · Evidence Review
Editorial disclosure: The featured image is an AI-created illustration of a fictional activity, training or occupational setting. It is not a patient, diagnosis, before-and-after image, institutional endorsement or Dr. Arsy #003 treatment result.
Reader question: What did this exact study measure, in whom, with which comparator and timepoint—and which conclusions would go beyond its evidence?
Study snapshot
| Study element | Reported detail |
|---|---|
| Population | 626 surfing, windsurfing and kitesurfing athletes reporting 2,584 injuries from the 2017–2018 season. |
| Design | Retrospective cohort study using a standardized online questionnaire. |
| Comparator | Injury profiles compared across surfing, windsurfing and kitesurfing. |
| Timepoint | Retrospective report for one 2017–2018 sport season. |
| Key result | Athletes reported an average 4.12 injuries; skin lesions comprised up to 42.1% by discipline, and foot skin lesions accounted for 11.7% in windsurfing, 13.2% in kitesurfing and 12.7% in surfing. |
| Funding/conflict context | Funding and conflict declarations were not stated in the PubMed abstract; consult the full paper for complete disclosures. |
What was actually measured?
Athletes reported an average 4.12 injuries; skin lesions comprised up to 42.1% by discipline, and foot skin lesions accounted for 11.7% in windsurfing, 13.2% in kitesurfing and 12.7% in surfing.
The denominator for the percentages is reported injuries within sport groups, not all 626 athletes.
The denominator defines the claim. People, visits, infections, episodes, isolates, feet and blisters are different analytic units. A percentage or rate using one unit cannot be silently rewritten as the percentage of people affected.
What the result does not prove
Retrospective online self-report is vulnerable to recall, selection and classification bias, and multiple injuries per athlete are not independent observations.
Association and timing do not automatically prove individual causation. Footwear, surfaces, climate, ultraviolet exposure, hygiene, protective equipment, training load, prior conditions, referral patterns and access to care may change an estimate.
A PubMed record is a bibliographic source. PubMed indexing is not NIH endorsement of the authors’ conclusions, this interpretation or any product.
Keep the condition categories separate
Dryness, friction injury, sunburn, dermatitis, sensitization, fungal disease and bacterial infection are not interchangeable. A moisturizer may support hydration and the moisture barrier, but it does not diagnose infection, prevent ultraviolet injury, replace medical evaluation or substitute for activity-specific prevention.
Persistent spreading redness, drainage, fever, severe pain, rapidly worsening symptoms, a suspected contagious outbreak or major loss of function warrants prompt professional assessment. Clinicians may need microscopy, culture, patch testing, skin-prick testing or other targeted evaluation depending on the question.
Activity details worth documenting
- What surface, footwear, sock, glove, mat, pool, boat, uniform, animal, climate or training load preceded the change?
- Where did the problem begin, and did it change during rest, travel, deployment, competition or a different facility?
- Were towels, clothing, footwear, razors, equipment or showers shared, and how were high-touch surfaces cleaned?
- How often was skin wet, occluded, rubbed, heated, chilled or exposed to sun?
- Did the problem alter sleep, pace, attendance, training, competition, work safety or duty status?
Prevention comes before cosmetic care
Prevention should match the hazard: well-fitted and broken-in equipment, task-appropriate textiles, friction management, clean personal gear, facility hygiene, prompt showering, ultraviolet protection and timely clinical assessment. No single intervention prevents every diagnosis.
Do not share personal skin products during an outbreak and do not test workplace, sport or environmental materials directly on skin. Follow occupational-health, sports-medicine, public-health and facility instructions for contagious or exposure-related conditions.
Primary research and authoritative guidance
- Primary research record: PubMed PMID 34377035
- NIOSH: occupational skin exposure
- NIAMS: atopic dermatitis
- American Academy of Dermatology: sun protection
- American Academy of Dermatology: dry-skin care
Where Dr. Arsy #003 fits
Dr. Arsy #003 is a cosmetic moisturizer for hydration, moisture-barrier support and dry-skin comfort. This study did not test #003. Its findings do not show that #003 treats, cures or prevents eczema, infection, blisters, sunburn or sensitization; relieves pain or itch; neutralizes environmental exposures; is appropriate for every person; or provides pediatric or 24-hour efficacy.
Continue the evidence series
- Sunburn and UV Exposure in 217 Outdoor Rock Climbers
- Skin and Soft-Tissue Problems Across 671 Adventure-Race Participants
- Paper-Tape Blister Prevention Across 128 Multistage Runners
- Sun-Protection Guidance Reported by 2,729 Swimming Coaches
Evidence note: This educational article separates reported findings from interpretation. It is not a diagnosis, treatment recommendation or workplace, sports, military, maritime, animal-exposure or infection-control determination.